Borobudur Temple

Magnificent Buddhist temple-studded Nan History and Philosophy of LifeHistory
Who has not heard about Borobudur? The grandeur, beauty, and uniqueness has made the temple was built by Sailendra dynasty between the years 750-842 AD is confirmed as one of the seven wonders of the world and in 1991 established by UNESCO in the World Heritage List (World Wonder Heritages).Borobudur Temple had been buried by cold lava massive eruption of Mount Merapi in about the year 950 AD and was discovered in 1814 when the British occupied Indonesia. Governor-General Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles heard of the discovery of huge archaeological objects in the village Bumisegoro, Magelang. Due to the great interest of the history of Java (Raffles also wrote the book History of Java, 1817), then immediately ordered Raffles HC Cornelius, a Dutch engineer, to investigate the discovery of the location was a hill covered with shrubs.

The first restoration was immediately conducted by Raffles, who started to cut trees and remove shrubs that covered the giant building. Because of that discovery, Raffles was awarded as the man who started the restoration of Borobudur temple and got the attention of the world. In 1835, the whole area of ​​the temple has been excavated. The temple is kept restored in the Dutch colonial period and continued after Indonesia's independence by the government of the Republic of Indonesia with the help of UNESCO. The whole process of restoration was completed in 1984.
 
Feature
Many people around the world have made Borobudur Temple as a place that must be visited in his life. Many theories attempt to explain the origin of the word Borobudur. One of them states that the name is probably derived from the word Sambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the slopes are located terraces. In addition there are some other folk etymology. Suppose that the word comes from the greeting Borobudur "the Buddha" is due to a shift in sound to Borobudur. Another explanation is that the word comes from the word bara Borobudur and budur. Bara / vihara means temple and budur or beduhur means above or hill. So, could be interpreted as Borobudur temple complex located on the hill.
 Borobudur Temple building area is 123 x 123 m with a building height of 34.5 m and has 1460 relief, 504 Buddha statues, and 72 stupas. Borobudur has 10 levels (representing ten levels of Bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha). The 10 levels consisting of 6 levels of a square, circular level 3 circular and a main stupa as a peak.
 Borobudur was built as a symbol of the many stages in the Buddhist theory. If viewed from above, Borobudur-shaped mandala (Buddhist traditional form). The center of the mandala is a combination of Buddhist and Hindu art. Forms the basis of many Hindu and Buddhist mandalas is a square with four entry points and the center point of the circular. Both in terms of exterior and interior, Borobudur symbolize the three zones plus the level of awareness of the key areas that illustrate the perfection or nirvana.
 The first zone is Kamadhatu or phenomenal world, a world inhabited by most people, which can also be interpreted with the world is still dominated by kama or "low desire". The level of Borobudur Temple is covered by a supporting foundation of the building, so it is not visible. Hidden Kamadhatu zone consists of 160 reliefs depicting the story of Karmawibhangga Sutra, which is the law of cause and effect. Here reliefs depict human passions, such as robbery, murder, torture, and humiliation. Some evidence suggests that the base rate is added to the original building of this temple. Reason for this addition is not 100% sure, but it seems to strengthen the stability of the structure and foundation of the building or it could be for religious reasons, ie to cover more obscene contents. This additional section 3.6 m high and 6.5 m wide. Bottom corner which has been closed permanently open so that visitors can see the hidden foundations including some relief.
 Zone 2 Rupadhatu or transitional world, where human beings have been liberated from earthly things, but still bound to appearance and shape. This level represents the nature between, between the subconscious and the universe. Rupadhatu square terrace contains chiseled relief gallery, also a series of niches containing statues of Buddha. Overall, there are 328 statues of Buddha in the zone that also has a lot of relief with this pure decoration. Sanskrit manuscript described in this zone through 1300 reliefs, namely Gandhawyuha, Lalitawistara, Jataka, and Awadana. Reliefs are lined along the 2.5 km. In this zone there is also a decorative panel in 1212.
 Zone 3 Arupadhatu or highest world, the abode of the gods. Three circular terraces towards the center or dome effigies depict the world to rise above. Terraces here have less ornamentation, and prefer the purity of form. This level represents the nature of, where people are free from all desires and bond forms and shapes, but have not reached nirvana. Statues of Buddha placed in a stupa covered with holes as in captivity. From outside the statues were still vaguely visible. Total, there are 72 stupas like this.
   Highest level that describes the lack of form is represented in the form of the largest and highest stupa. Stupa described plain without the holes.

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source : http://www.gamawisata.com/index.php/component/content/article/39-tempat-wisata/66-candi-borobudur


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